Achilles tendonitis is an inflammation of the largest and strongest tendon in the body. This tendon is also known as the “Heel Cord.” The Achilles tendon is an attachment from 2 muscles in the calf to the heel bone. One of these muscles crosses behind the knee. So in some cases, the knee is also evaluated. Athletes are commonly afflicted with this disorder.
Approximately 1 out of 5 runners have been adversely affected with this condition. One of the reasons is the lack of stretching before sports activities. This may include a lack of warm up before full engagement of the sport. Other activities which place increased tension on the Achilles tendon can increase the chance of inflammation and rupture. This includes running/walking up hills and walking up stairs. A tight or short tendon may also result in inflammation of the tendon.
Small tears in the tendon occur due to the constant stretching. This type of injury results in a growth in the tendon for repair. The area most affected is a couple of inches above the attachment into the heel bone. This area is known as the “Zone of Ischemia” due to the decrease in circulation. Continuing sports activities may result in rupturing of the tendon. Quick motions such as the very beginning of a sprint may also result in rupture. Ruptures to the Achilles tendon require immediate repair. Without repair, life long disability usually occurs.
Treatment may include anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, stretching, message, cam-walker, orthotics, heel lift, and a cast. Serious athletes are encouraged to switch to other sports while the area heals. This includes swimming and using a stationary bike. Treatment regimens should be directed by your foot and ankle specialist.
